PharmaCare essay

The twenty-first century has seen p injuryaceutic companies grow in unprecedented size and strength. overdue to the unprecedented growth the larger pharmaceutic companies nurture gained leverage and power in the prescription do medicines industry, but they lack innovation to market and they go for ways to help the business touch on to increase its profits. The pharmaceutic industry was once ethic aloney reasoned and was a worthy player in the development of human health. However, overtime with the lack of innovation pharmaceutical companies argon becoming an un honourable market that exploits patients, doctors and everyone else it hatful to increase its positivity.With eyes only on profitability this can create a hazard for patients because in that location is deficient testing of the doses prior to the doses hitting the American market. In this research paper we lead cover the many a nonher(prenominal) facets of PharmaC atomic number 18, Coleria, and Wellco and th e drug AD23 spatial relation piths, and its manufacturing in an impoverished nation with the low wages and unsafe working conditions. All of which will be cover passim this document. merchandise and Advertising The Food and Drug Administration relaxed the commandments regarding the read to advertise the side-effects of prescription drugs in 1997.(FDA)The relaxed regulation allows for direct-to-consumer advertising and this change the marketing strategies. thither is now an influx of pharmaceutical advertising using infomercials. Gary Humphreys informs us in his article, Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Under Fire, that pharmaceutical companies fagged just infra $5 gazillion last year alone (576) on this type of advertising. The infomercials nearhow founder consumers believe that there is a compulsion for them to deplete the drug and consequently create an increase in its sales.Because consumers sustain a desire to examine control of their health they argon now going i n the doctors power and telling the doctors about the infomercial and the drug that they would like to try. However, consumers are not cognisant that they prescription drug companies are not required to share all of the side-effects of the drugs and it whitethorn cause unspoilt health problems when consumers can ask for drugs by name. gibe to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention prescription drug abuse is not an epidemic. The high use of prescription drugs has led to a decrease use in illegal drugs.In the United States it is common for Medical Doctors to receive a sales pitch from a drug gild regarding their prescription drugs and highlight the many benefits of it as well. This is target marketing in which drug companies are targeting those in the medical field and those that are most likely to offer the product to a consumer and in turn this will lead to an increase in drug sales. This practice leads to questions related to medical object lesson philosophy in the in dustry. bright Property Protection The laws and regulations have strengthened the intellectual blank space protection of brand drugs.One of the primary reasons for the intellectual Property Protection was to get the pharmaceutical world thinking and give incentives for those who are universe innovative. Products can be fixed for a specified time frame if they have a overt what this means is it eliminates any direct competition which in turn allows the inventor to set the bell of the drug and many multiplication they are charging top dollar. The inventor is trying to recoup all funds spent on the creation of the drug while also fashioning a hefty profit.The Intellectual Property Protection have increased patent feeling of approximately 50 percent of all drugs from 1980 to present which contributes to prescription drug spending. A 1998 Congressional Budget Office (CBO) study showed that manufactures tend to realise new branded drugs at premium prices, and then raise these pr ices. The study found that even after similar branded products enter the market, drug companies often continue to increase the price. The good issue is because when the patent is lengthened it delays the entrance of less expensive generic drugs.And as a dissolving agent the branded drugs look out on the market and the cost is passed down to the consumer. Regulations and Product Safety The case Food, Drug Administration is responsible for establishing the commandment of Federal Regulations which outlines the rules and regulations governing pharmaceuticals. The rules are divided into sections and include guidance based on drug categories. Due to each person having varying reactions to pharmaceutical products not all side-effects are detected during clinical testing.The Federal Food, Drug Administration is responsible for sharing the reading with consumers. However, it seems a bit unethical because the large pharmaceutical companies do not have to share all of side-effect inform ation that may assist consumers in making its picking on whether to try a product or to not try a product. through and through various surveys it was discovered that consumers are under the opinion that pharmaceutical companies need to have alter internal controls to ensure their compliance with regulations.Due to physicians and pharmaceutical companies working together and are dependent on one another there needs to be controls in place that would have an unbiased outlook of the regulations. The government will need to continue introducing new regulations that will aide in monitoring the relationships. Direct-To Consumer Marketing Direct to consumer is a form of advertising that markets directly to consumers bypassing the distributor. In the mid 1980s pharmaceutical companies go awayd information about prescription drugs to doctors and pharmacists.The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) allowed print ads to run and the pharmaceutical companies had great victory and were then per mitted to begin running advertisement on television. Currently over $5 billion is spent annually to present this advertisement to the American public via direct marketing print ads, television broadcast, and online. There is an issue with this is that the FDA does not voluntarily monitor these ads and the advertisement may actually be misleading and the American public may not be aware that the ad did not pass the FDA check.The Office of ethical drug Drug Promotion (OPDP) is required to abbreviate action against ads that violate the law and are required to take action along with communicating information to consumers and employees in the health care industry. Prescription-drug ads prompt nearly terzetto of Americans to ask their doctors about an advertised medicine, and 82% of those who ask say their physicians recommended a prescription. The go throughings in a national survey by USA TODAY, the Kaiser Family Foundation and the Harvard School of Public Health come as drug advert ising hit a record $4. 8 billion in 2006, up from $2.6 billion in 2002.Our survey shows why the drug companies all these ads They work, says Drew Altman, president of the Kaiser Foundation. Many peck get drugs they otherwise wouldnt. While theres a debate about whether thats a good thing for patients, it does cost the country more. Among hoi polloi who requested a drug, 44% utter physicians gave the one they asked about, while slightly more than half said doctors prescribed a different drug. Sometimes, doctors did both. When duplicate answers were removed, the poll found 82% of patients got some type of prescription.(USA Today)I would make the argument against Direct-to-Consumer marketing although it seems to be is working and putting the choices back into the consumers hands. My argument against the direct-to-consumer advertisement is simply because consumers are not being appendd all the necessary details about a product. Drug makers are ignoring the guidelines that have to consumer education and are highlighting only a few on the many side-effects. Consumers often will not take into consideration doctors recommendations also because they visit their doctor with hopes of gaining the same results as what was shown in the marketing ad.The many infomercials seem to favor male enhancements drugs such as Cialis and Viagra which can confuse children if they, see the infomercial. It should be the responsibility of physicians to determine the proper medications for their patients. Compounding Pharmacy Regulators Generally, state boards of pharmaceutics will continue to have primary responsibility for the day-to-day oversight of state-licensed pharmacies that compound drugs in agreement with the conditions of section 503A of the FDCA, although FDA retains some authority over their operations.For example, the adulteration or misbranding of drugs compounded under section 503A, or false or misleading statements in the labeling or advertising of such drugs, may result in violations of Federal law. Firms that register with FDA as outsourcing facilities under section 503B will be regulated by FDA and inspected by FDA according to a risk-based schedule. (FDA) In the PharmaCare scenario should have enacted the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) of 1992 earlier. According to Forbes magazine, to solve this problem, Congress enacted the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) of 1992.PDUFA provided a mechanism whereby charges were levied on pharmaceutical companies for each new drug application (NDA) filed. The revenues from these user fees were utilize to hire 600 new drug reviewers and support staff. These new medical officers, chemists, pharmacologists, and other experts were tasked with clearing the backlog of NDAs awaiting approval. Consequently, the FDA was able to reduce review times of NDAs to 12 months for standard NDAs and to 6 months for priority applications that involved significant advances over existing treatment.As a result of PDUFA,the timing of U. S. drug approvals began to mirror that of the rest of the world. (Forbes) If the Act was in place the pharmaceuticals would have been reviewed sooner and it could have possible saved lives. Utilitarianism The ethical theory of Utilitarianism would state that any decision concerning business conduct should be proper and the decision that is made should be best for the greatest subjugate of people. When looking at the PharmaCare scenario did not allow all stakeholders the option to take into consideration the drug that they were providing to them.It would seem as though the counseling team and Coleria focused only on the mentation and idea that the pharmaceuticals would produce more good than harm or bad consequences and in this case if they had gambled they would have lost. They continued to sell that drug with a thought process that the drug was lot more people than hurt with only a small number of people modify by side effects then it justified the nee d to continue producing and distributing. Deontology The deontological ethical motive places morality and moral laws as a standard in which people should make their decisions.The process used by PharmaCare and Coleria did not follow deontology because although the company and its management staff was aware of the side effects of the drugs being made and the numerous deaths that were caused they did nothing to stop its production. They were more concerned about the profits they were gaining and did not take into consideration the moral outcome. PharmaCare or Coleria did not treat consumers as they would like to be treated therefore we know that PharmaCare and Coleria did not operate under the ethical values of deontology.Virtue ethics Virtue ethics suggests that helping people is a good charitable and kind thing to do. The virtue ethics although seem as though they would be the same as deontology it differs because it focuses in the motives a moral character and emotions in our moral life. The management team at PharamaCare or Coleria did not seem to consider the virtue ethics at least not to those that worked with them. The virtue of honesty was absent in its transactions and the way that business was make.Something that is authoritative to a personthat is operating under virtue ethics they consider the actions of what they are doing and honest people would not do dishonest acts intentionally because they would have believed that honesty is the best practice. Ethics of care pharmaceutical companies have a duty to provide medicines to both the physicians and the consumers that will address the health needs of its patients in a safe manner with little to no side effects. PharmaCare and Coleria again did not accomplish this dim-witted duty of care. The company provided a medicine that caused great harm and even death to some in order to earn a few extra dollars.There was a huge conflict of interest amid the PharmaCare, Coleria and the consumers who needed the medications because there was a duty to share the side effects, there was a duty to provide additional testing on the medicine and there was a duty to discontinue the manufacturing of the drug when the drug failed to do what consumers needed. The health of the consumer or patient should be presented to them solely free of bias or electromotive force for bias and consumers should not be misled. Your own moral/ethical compassPharmaCare and Coleria had a moral and ethical duty to do what was right and in my opinion that did not adhere to any moral ethical standards in their business transactions. Their lies and misleading strategies hurt those that needed them and those that were in a vulnerable condition. There were many people that requested, believed in, and should have benefited from a medicine that would help them lead a more fulfilling life and in some instances it ended their lived prematurely. PharmaCare and Coleria were obligated to share with consumers the main risks that were associated with taking the drug.When considering the moral and ethical questions in some instances when thinking of the case it swayed even in mid-thought on occasion. The thoughts went from what would I do if I were in need of the medication would I want to take it and risk the side effects because of a promise of improved health. Or would I pass on taking the drug and continue suffering with my illness. I was under the thought that although many died that had it not been for the large profits that the pharmaceutical companies received, that it would have been simply said that they were improvinghumanity and the quality of life.There is no agreement with the steps that were taken and it seems a bit unsporting for many, it was not the proper thing for PharmaCare and they should have discontinued the use and production of the drug until testing and improvement was done. PharmaCare/Coberia Intellectual Property law The generous laws in the United States regarding Intellectual Property laws support in protect PharmaCare and its manufacturer Colberia. However, these protection laws failed to protect the workers at Colberia or the many consumers that were hurt or killed due to a bad drug.It has been said that intellectual spot is a pharmaceutical companys most valuable resource because it can protect the company and help with the success of the company. Colberia a developing nation aided PharmaCare in manufacturing an affordable drug and along the way PharmaCare exploited the intellectual berth laws. In the 1990s there was an urgent need for medications and PharmaCare acted on greed without taking into consideration the harm it could do the record of its business due to its interpretation of intellectual rights.Because Colberia was a less certain country PharmaCare was able to find intellectual property protection. The drug AD23 was manufactured in Colberia at much lower cost which was seen as a great hazard for PharmaCare. Unfortunately, PharmaCare w as not able to manage the facilities or the business adequately. Intellectual property laws have faced scrutiny over the years and increasing pressure to ensure that intellectual property laws and standards are not compromised.PharmaCare did not create economic growth in Colberia the wages it paid to the workers was unfair and unjust given the huge profits and bonuses received by PharmaCare and its management staff. PharmaCare repays Colberia PharmaCare has a moral liability to pay Colberia and its citizens by investing in the area. There are many things that the giant pharmaceutical company can do, however it would be best if life-long improvement were made to have a positive shock absorber on generations.The Global Poverty Info Bank says it best Improve the infrastructure, fighting widespread disease, and combatting poverty. Infrastructure- the visible resources like roads, telecommunication networks, schools and drains is necessary for a society to function people cant advan ce healthcare if there are no hospitals trade cant take place if there are no roads on which to transport goods to markets. Infrastructure facilitates the basic functions of a society that are necessary to transport resources and people, produce and trade goods provide essential services and ultimately reduce poverty.Suggest at least three (3) ways the company could compensate the people and nation of Colberia for the use of its intellectual property and the damage to its environment. I agree with the assessment of repaying Colberia with putting money and resources into the country to defecate new infrastructure, provide medical resources and medications to fight widespread disease and then assist with fighting hunger by providing resources to see and provide items for growing and cultivating plant foods. PharmaCare could make amends to the entire country by aiding the citizens in developmental growth.PharmaCare vs. Nike Ethics Both PharmaCare and Nike hired exertioners to perf orm work that would have cost substantially more in the United States. Both PharmaCare and Nike received a wave of consumer criticism and other negative feedback because of the unfair labor practices. Both have been accused of human rights violations and when you think of the countries in which they place the manufacturing businesses along with the working conditions, although completely different lines of business and different types of manufacturing they both faced similar consumer backlash and economic concern.Both will need to ensure that working conditions are up to acceptable standards and that workers are fairly compensated. A Code of pass on should be drawn up and all management and workers should sign. The Code of Conduct would consist of hours, compensation, reporting, training and employee or employer expectations. PharmaCARE and WellCo lawsuitThe lawsuits against PharmCare and Wellco are possible and would be very successful. Many of those that had taken the drug along with those that are left behind should have the right to sue and be successful at gaining compensation. Due to many of the side effects that were not disclosed it lead to the hospitalization and death of the patient should ensure compensation to those affected due to their loss. Often times companies witha lot of financial resources prefer to settle the case right away and have little public exposure and many have all parties involved to sign a confidentiality clause. The various types of restitution areDeath of a loved one Loss of quality of life Pain and suffering Lost wages die to poor health Medical costs either person negatively impacted whether they are a patient or employer will have the opportunity to recoup some of its losses or acquire punitive damages. The faulty drugs had a devastating effect on many people and the pharmaceutical companies made a huge profit, and most are covered by insurance policies that would assist in paying the many forthcoming lawsuits.The Pharm aCare brandAt the current time PharmaCare continues to build its brand and is trying to regain consumer confidence. The mission and committedness statement of Pharmacare is stated below and as PharmaCare is rebuild it remains cautious about its interactions so as not to cause harm to consumers and its shareholders as it has done in the past. The Mission of PharmaCare is is to develop an organization of regional pharmacies that is palpably different from our competition.The vision is to realize this musical note by concentrating on different patient populations, that is, those who need specialized, personal service create partnerships with referring physicians build trueness among our employees give back to the community resurrect the time-honored practice of door-to-door delivery, and rely on spoken to create demand. PharmaCare continued with a commitment statement that reads as follows, To our patients Treat our patients with the same compassion, care and several(prenominal) a ttention that we give to our family members.To our physicians Understand that physicians are able to serve their better when we serve the physicians better therefore we are available, flexible, convenient, responsive. To our Case Managers and Care Givers Streamline the process amid prescription and the medication. Streamline the process between the refill request and the medication. Provide medication-related, logistical, and financial information and assistance when requested and proactively.PharmaCare will need to continue conducting business in the same manner as stated in both the mission and commitment statement in an effort to remain a valuable resource to the pharmaceutical world. Ethical changes of PharmaCare The ethical conduct of PharmaCare is vital to the success and profitability of the company. The integrity PharmaCare will be reviewed for years to come and as such PharmaCare management team and stakeholders will need to react proactively to any negative feedback and c ommunication that it may receive.PharmaCare will need to ensure that all employees are receiving a fair wage and that if using developed countries that they are being fairly compensated for the land, space and its residents. PharmaCare will need to ensure that all drugs are approved by the FDA and are safe to be on the market. PharmaCare will need to disclose any relevant information that is known regarding the side effects to enable them to make informed decisions on their choice of medication. PharmaCare will need to ensure that it is operating within all regulations and laws that have been set by the FDA and its affiliates.