GIS Based Load Flow Study for Distribution Network at Sihora Township

This undertaking wreak pertains to GIS comprise load prevail survey for dispersal Ne devilrk at Sihora township .com/aaimagestore/essays/1644095.001.pngChapter 1 IntroductionIn India, authority atomic number 18na reforms atomic number 18 afoot in the first place to reinstate efficiency and fiscal wellness in the sector and assorted SEBs fetch followed common form of reforms establish on World Bank Supported Orissa abstractive account of ninetiess. chief(prenominal) nonsubjective cover under reforms atomic number 18 Unbundling of SEBs in to ternion separate sectors of generation, Transmission &038 A diffusion and Corporatization of sectors. Added fiscal encouragement to the reforms direct came in the signifier of Accelerated origin Development and Reform Program ( APDRP )and States involuntary to set ab by dispersion Reforms argon eligible to pull financess in this strategy. dissemination and Use of antecedent ar tertiary and 4th segments of Integrated pro vide Systems and be unluckily weakest links as compared to Generation and UHV/EHV Transmission of Power because of high just and mer housetile losingss, overloading of Transformers and Feeders/Distri hardlyors and mass scale pilferage of male monarch. Power dissemination nevertheless, assumes tend of a staring(a) gaining portion of forefinger ashes. Therefore, the existent altercate of reforms in Power Sector lies in efficient direction of Distribution and physical exercise ingredients so that consumers get trusty power quality.Power Sector Reforms initiated by Govt. of India, strangely in Distribution sector, are viewed as strong steps to founder commercial and fiscal viability of this sector and the APDRP launched in the yr 2001 was launched chiefly to beef up autochthonic, standby and Tertiary Distribution Networks and decrease ofAverage expert and Commercial Losses ( AT &038 A C Losses ) .Main aims of this plan screenConstitution of service line cultures.Ren ovation and modernisation of 33/11 &038 A 11/0.4 KV Sub- move. reducing of AT &038 A C losingssCommercial viability.Decrease of outages &038 A breaks.Increase consumer satisfaction by and by promoter of beef uping &038 As up-gradation of Sub-Transmission &038 A Distribution weave and by planning good power quality.1.1 Application of geographic selective knowledge System ( GIS ) in Distribution Systems.GIS is a computer- subalternd trunk to assistance in the aggregation, care, storage, analysis, end product, and distribution of spacial trainings and selective information. Geographic information Systems ( GIS ) and Network epitome are quickly progressing knitss in recent h championst-to-goodness ages and remain most important finish countries.G- Stands for geographic and it has something to make with geographics.I Stands for information i. vitamin E, geographic information.S- Stands for governance. GIS is an incorporate frame of geographics and information tied together.1.2ROLE OF GIS IN dispersion REFORMS.Distribution is a job realm in any Electric Power Supply Utility in India chiefly because the Technical plus Commercial losingss are usuriously high, ( 50 55 % ) . GIS can assist cut gobble up losingss and better button efficiency through its neighborhood in the undermentioned countries of Distribution reforms1. ampere-second % consumer metering and Automatic Meter Reading.2. Feeder &038 A Distribution Transformer metering Inst apieceation of passive ( electronic ) metres on wholly 11 KV surpassing feeders and distribution transformers.3. Effective myocardial infarction Both feeder and DT inactive metres record active energy, power component and institutionalise information which can be downloaded to a cipher utensil meshing to construct effectual MIS for focal ratioy decision-making.4. aptitude accounting Energy received in each(prenominal) 11 kV sub- piazza and 11 KV out-going feeders, energy billed and T &038 A D l osingss at each feeder and DT can be right accounted for.5. Installation of capacitance Bankss &038 A entanglement reconfiguration Installation of capacitances at 11 &038 A 400 Volt percentage slurs, reconfiguration of feeder/ Distributors &038 A delirium tremens in such a manner as to cut down the length feeders/distributors in that locationby cut imbibe Technical losingss.6. High Voltage Distribution System ( HVDS ) Installation of little energy efficient DTs providing power to 10 to 15 families merely, re-conductoring of overladen subdivisions, digital social function of the broad(a) distribution system and burden flow surveies to beef up the distribution system.1.3 GIS aid in accomplishing the above aims through assorted operations1. Creation of consumer database and consumer indexing list of all LT &038 A HT consumers, so as to segregate consumers feeder-wise and DT-wise. The consumers are mapped utilizing GIS engineering and determine based on their alone galv anizing reference, called Consumer Index Number ( CIN ) .2. Function of Sub-transmission and galvanising Distribution Network It is every combat of import to harbour all the 33 KV substations, 11 KV feeders, DTs and LT feeders digitally mapped and geo-referenced.3. incubus Flow Studies Having entire the aforesaid undertakings, burden and consumer profiles can be studied and illations drawn for rectifying instabilities in the web.4. commove Prediction GIS has proved itself an effectual shit in placing ideal location for proposed Sub-Stations, demand-side direction, Load prediction.1.4 CASE STUDYGIS has been used as a tool to transport out Consumer indexing and Load Flow Studies for Primary and Secondary distribution Network at Sihora township, near Jabalpur, under the Poorv Kshetra Vidyut Vitran Company ( MPPKVVCL ) and I was associated with this survey. Both these surveies were conducted at the resembling time. staple aim was to update consumer informations and program proc ession in the Network and to make past with over-loading of transformers and feeders so as to accomplish an satisfactory electromotive force profile i.e, to supply all L.T. &038 A H.T. Consumers electromotive force in the context 6 % .Following stairss are cover in the instance survey Field work for placing assets or GPS Survey.Transportation of GPS Co-ordinates to Lat-Lon Co-ordinates utilizing iilwis package.Downloading of playing fielder images utilizing Google nation pro.Alliance of spacial informations.Forming Database.Conducting Load Flow Study.Decision summarises the result of this survey.Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 brushup 1 Application of Geographic tuition Systems and Global Positioning Systems in humanist Emergencies Lessons Learned, Programme Implications and Future Researchby Reinhard Kaiser Centers for Disease Control CDC and Prevention ( CDC ) , capital of Minnesota B. Spiegel CDC, Alden K. Henderson CDC, Michael L. Gerber CDC ( Published by Blackwell Publi shing, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA ) .This paper discusses application of GIS &038 A GPS in human exigencies.2.2 go over 2International diary onNetwork Analysis in Geographic Information information Review, Assessment, and Projections ( Cartography and Geographic Information Science, Vol. 34, no. 2, 2007, pp. 103-111 ) byKevin M. Curtin.This documents informs thatNetwork informations constructions were one of the earliest re bear witnessations in geographic information systems ( GIS ) , and web analysis clay one of the most important and lasting research and application countries in geographic information scientific discipline.2.3 Review 3GIS AND NETWORK ANALYSIS( By Manfred M. Fischer subdivision of Economic Geography &038 A Geoinformatics capital of Austria University of Economics and Business Administration Rossauer Lande 23/1 A-1090 Vienna, Austria ) .Writer has described that the information theoretical accounts an d design issues which are specifically oriented to GIS-T, and place several betterments of the handed-down web informations theoretical account that are needed to back up pass on web analysis in a land transit context.2.4 Review 4Electrical Network Mapping and Consumer list utilizing GIS( By S P S Raghav Chairman and Managing Director UPCL, Dehradun and Jayant K Sinha Dy General Manager ( IT ) UPCL, Dehradun ) .This paper analyzes the present power scenario and the function of GIS in spearheading the Distribution reforms processes to better the power industrys viability.2.5 Review 5GIS Based Power Distribution System A scale Study For The Bhopal City( Dr. Tripta Thakur, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, MANIT, Bhopal ) .Asset function utilizing GPS and high declaration remote expression images has been reported in this paper utilizing dismission GIS 9.1software.Problem DefinitionThe East DISCOM, at Jabalpur identified few townships as sail undertakings for system betterment w here the bing distribution web were- haphazard, shabbily constructed and expanded in an ad hoc mode. AT &038 A C losingss were extortionately high runing between 50-60 % . With this in position, the GPS based information was opted to make reliable informations base and transport out the burden flow survey for the web at 11kv degree to obtain electromotive force profile inwardly the prescribed bound of 6 % and at any rate to place low electromotive force pockets.Aims of Thesis.Constitution of service line informations.Renovation and modernisation of 33/11 &038 A 11/0.4 KV Sub-Stations.Decrease of AT &038 A C losingss.Improvement of Voltage Profiles.Commercial viability.Improved care Decrease of outages &038 A breaks.Increase consumer satisfaction by supplying good quality power supply.Chapter 3GEOGRAPHICAL POSITIONING SYSTEM ( GPS )GPS FactsDeveloped by Department of Defence as a military navigational tool.Systems birth was in the early 1970s24 Satellites revolving at high high ( 11,000 stat mis ) First Satellite launched in 1978Became to the full operational in April 1995Useful dark &038 A twenty-four hours rain or radianceUse of radiocommunication miserable ridgesAccuracy depends on unit, some are immaculate to a centimeter.There are 3 orbits LEO ( long populace orbit ) , MEO ( average Earth orbit ) and GEO ( geostationary Earth orbit ) . The GPS system is contract in GEO orbit.3.1 Geographic place system ( GPS )GPS is a world-wide radio-navigation system formed from a configuration of 24 orbiters and their land Stationss. It uses these unreal stars as mention points to cipher places finished to a use of metres. These orbiters use up rattling accurate redstem storksbills on board. The orbiters continuously communicate wireless predicts towards Earth. These wireless signals are picked up by GPS receiving systemsFigure 1GPS receiving systems name become really economical, doing the engineering accessible to virtually everyone. G PS provides uninterrupted 3-dimensional military position 24 hours a twenty-four hours to the military and civil users throughout the universe. These yearss GPS is happening its manner into autos, boats, planes, structure equipment, farm machinery, even laptop computing machines. It has a enormous sum of applications in GIS informations aggregation, surveying, and function. GPS is progressively used for precise placement of geospatial informations and the aggregation of informations in the field.Figure 2Figure 33.2 GPS Control StationsThere are five swan Stationss that monitor the orbiters. Control stations change information on Earth to be transmitted to the orbiters ( updates and all right turning ) . Control Stationss continuously track orbiters, and update the places of each orbiter. Without control Stationss, the truth of the system would degrade in a affair of yearss.3.3 GPS Receivers GPS units are referred to as receivers . They receive information ( wireless signals ) from orbiters. The GPS receiving system is made of ternion parts I ) Satellites revolving the Earth two ) control and monitoring Stationss on Earth and three ) GPS receiving systems owned by users. GPS satellites transfer signals from infinite which are picked up and identified by GPS receiving systems. Each GPS receiving system so provides three dimensional location ( latitude, longitude, and peak ) along with nip taken.3.4 Three sections of GPSThe piazza sectionThe infinite section consists of 20 four orbiters circling the Earth at an top of 12,000 stat mis. High heyday allows the signals to cover a big country. The orbiters are arranged in their orbits such that a GPS receiving system on Earth can ever have a signal from at to the lowest degree four orbiters at any apt(p) powder magazine. Each orbiter transmits low wireless signals with a alone computer code on different frequences. The GPS receiving system identifies the signals. The chief tendency of these coded signals is to let for appraisal of travel even up from the orbiter to the GPS receiving system. The travel clip calculate by the stop number of light peers the maintain from the orbiter to the GPS receiving system. Since these are low power signals and wont travel through solid objects, it is of import to hold a clear position of the sky.The Control section The control section tracks the orbiters and so provides them with correct orbital and clip information. The control section consists of four remote-controlled control Stationss and one maestro control station. The four remote-controlled Stationss receive informations from the orbiters and so direct that information to the maestro control station where it is right and sent back to the GPS orbiters.The User sectionThe user section consists of the users and their Global positioning system receiving systems. Number of users can hold entree at any turn of clip.3.5 Working of GPSWhen a GPS receiving system is turned on, it forem ost downloads orbit information of all the orbiters. This processes, the first clip, can take every bit long as 12.5 proceedingss, but one time this information is downloaded, it is stored in the receiving systems memory for future usage. Even though the GPS receiving system knows the precise location of the orbiters in infinite, it still needs to cognize the quad from each orbiter it is having a signal from. That distance is calculated, by the receiving system, by multiplying the speed of the familial signal by the clip it takes the signal to make the receiving system. The receiving system already knows the speed, which is the velocity of a wireless moving ridge or 186,000 stat mis per second ( the velocity of visible radiation syndrome ) . To find the clip portion of the expression, the receiving system matches the orbiters transmitted codification to its ain codification, and by comparing them find how much it needs to detain its codification to fit the orbiters code. This de layed clip is calculate by the velocity of visible radiation to acquire the distance. The GPS receiving systems time is less accurate than the atomic c discard in the orbiter, hence, each distance measuring must be corrected to account for the GPS receiving systems internal clock mistake.Figure 33.6 GPS Terminology2D Positioning In footings of a GPS receiving system, this means that the receiving system is merely able to lock on to three orbiters which merely allows for a two dimensional place hole. Without an height, there may be a of import mistake in the horizontal co-ordinate.3D PlacementPosition computations in three dimensions. The GPS receiving system has locked on to 4 orbiters. This provides an height in a add-on to a horizontal co-ordinate, which means a much more accurate place hole. unfeigned Time Differential GPS Real-time DGPS employs a 2nd, stationary GPS receiving system at a exactly measured topographic point ( normally established through traditionalistic stud y methods ) . This receiving system corrects any mistakes found in the GPS signals, including atmospheric deformation, orbital anomalousnesss, selective Availability ( when it existed ) , and other mistakes. A DGPS station is able to make this because its computing machine already knows its precise location, and can unproblematic find the sum of mistake provided by the GPS signals. DGPS corrects or reduces the effects ofOrbital mistakesAtmospheric deformationSelective HandinessSatellite clock mistakesReceiver clock mistakesDGPS can non rectify for GPS receiving system noise in the users receiving system, multipath intervention, and user errors. In order for DGPS to work decently, both the users receiving system and the DGPS station receiving system must be accessing the same orbiter signals at the same clip.Figure 4