Marketing strategies of BMW and Mercedes-Benz Essay Example

Marketing strategies of BMW and Mercedes-Benz Paper These people have high incomes, and have usually completed higher education. The family life cycle that the brands market themselves to differs, depending on the particular model of the car. (See above. ) 3- Psychographic Segmentation: BMW markets itself to the upper middle, as well as both the lower and upper upper class. Mercedes-Benz markets itself mostly to the upper class. 4- Behavioural Segmentation: People usually buy cars on special, as opposed to regular, occasions. The buyers of BMWs and Mercedes expect extremely high quality and service. MARKET POSITIONING. BMW and Mercedes both put much effort into making sure that their respective products leave enthusiastic impressions in the hearts and minds of their customers. They both developed slogans that they hoped would stick in customers minds; Mercedes-Benz is known for its quality engineering, while BMW markets itself as the ultimate driving machine. BMW and Mercedes-Benz also have to differentiate themselves from each other in order to draw customers to their respective brands. One example of how Mercedes tried to do this was when it developed the CLS model. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing strategies of BMW and Mercedes-Benz specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing strategies of BMW and Mercedes-Benz specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing strategies of BMW and Mercedes-Benz specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1This model was positioned against the BMW 645Ci,2 while at the same time being positioned between the E- and S-Class sedans. The CLS was close enough in price to the BMW 645Ci so as to appeal to the same group of consumers, so in this way, Mercedes-Benz was directly challenging one of their major competitors. When tested by drivers, some concluded that the 645Ci was a better drive, but the CLS was more comfortable. From this, it is clear that Mercedes-Benz succeeded in positioning itself in customers minds as separate from BMW. MARKETING MIX Product Both BMW and Mercedes-Benz offer customers a wide range of products. Mercedes-Benz has twelve separate classes 3 of automobiles just within the passenger car sector. BMW, meanwhile, has nine series. 4 The way in which both brands try to differentiate themselves from each other is evident even in the dissimilar names they have given their line of products. Price Mercedes-Benz does not place much emphasis on keeping prices down. Indeed consumers expect both Mercedes-Benz and BMW, being in the luxury automobile market, to be priced higher than the average car. Therefore, Mercedes has to concentrate more on how its prices compare with its competitors rather than on how high its prices are in absolute terms. BMW, as part of its premium brand strategy, (see Promotion) wants to maximize its revenues per vehicle; they think that their strong brand recognition and the excellent quality of their products will help them achieve this goal. This means that they do not focus their efforts on keeping prices down; instead they want to sell exactly the right number of well-produced cars so as to attain a targeted profit. 5 Both Mercedes-Benz and BMW have relatively low price elasticity. This is because the consumer who can afford to buy the car in the first place will most likely not be deterred from making the purchase simply because the price went up by a few thousand dollars. However, since BMW markets itself to the upper-middle class, which is more price conscious than the upper class that Mercedes-Benz focuses on, it has higher price elasticity. People in the upper-middle class might change their minds about the purchase of a car if the price went up by a few thousand dollars. Promotion BMW promotes itself using a highly selective strategy. It has chosen certain segments in the automobile market, and it does not involve itself in the mass market, otherwise known as the volume segments of the automobile market. BMW calls this selectivity premium brand strategy. This means that BMW does not promote itself to all segments of car buyers; instead, it concentrates on targeting those consumers who it thinks will be interested in automobiles from their specifically chosen markets. Mercedes-Benz promotes itself as the worlds leading luxury brand. Within its target market of upper class middle-aged people, it is not as selective about who exactly to promote itself to as BMW is. It wants to attract and keep as many customers as it can. It promotes itself as innovating products rather than simply designing new versions of the same old product. For example, in promoting the Compact Sports Tourer, Mercedes-Benz said it: is the astounding response to a new zest for life: athletic, distinctive and versatile. For people who wish to live out their individuality. 6 It is promoting itself as a company that makes cars for people who are not afraid to stand out from the crowd; in much the same way, Mercedes- Benz Brand wants to stand out among its competitors. Place Most sales for both BMW and Mercedes-Benz take place at car dealerships. However, oftentimes consumers research the vehicles on the Internet before coming to the dealership, so the companies websites are also an important place where they can connect with consumers. It is therefore in the best interests of both brands to foster a strong presence online. To this end, Mercedes-Benz worked with iProspect, a search engine marketing firm, in order to increase its websites visibility within the major search engines. 7 Recommendations for futures strategies Both BMW and Mercedes-Benz want to build up a good relationship with female buyers, car buyers especially, and then the overall objective is to keep these buyers buying their products. Female buyers may feel nervous or even scared when going to look far a new car, especially if they are alone and do not have much knowledge or any confidence in their knowledge about cars, and with this nervousness they probably will be approached by an aggressive salesman, who may feel has got an easy target to sell a car to that they may not necessarily want or need, the salesman would just be trying to get a sale and get their commission. This may mean that many potential female customers to these two companys may feel overwhelmed and put off going to the dealer, which may result in a loss of a customer. Female buyers may feel a lot more comfortable when approached by a female sales representative at the dealership. BMW and Mercedes-Benz may want to look into employing more female sales representatives, especially in areas where they feel or know there are numerous prospective female buyers of their products. After sales customer service is a major area in which a customer will buy or re-buy their products. If for whatever reason, the customer, is not completely satisfied with the service they have received or they feel or have heard by word of mouth that they can get better service from another company, they may buy from that company, even if they feel the car is not as good as one from BMW or Mercedes-Benz. In a survey carried out by the BBC television show Topgear, where the general public with cars no older than three years where asked to write in or vote for how satisfied they where with the after sales service from the dealer and overall reliability of their car. In this vote there were a total of a hundred and forty two different cars included written in about or voted for. From these 142 cars the Mercedes-Benz M-Class was voted one of the most unreliable cars, and was also one of the cars that would be least recommended to someone else, or bought again. Also, from this list of 142 cars there were a total of six Mercedes-Benz models in the bottom third of the list, showing a general dissatisfaction of the service received after the initial sale of the car, and more worryingly for Mercedes-Benz none of their models made the top ten of the list. Even though none of BMWs models made the top ten list for the overall after sales service, BMW did have two cars in the buy again top ten with the BMW Z3 and 5-Series. The rest of BMWs models may not have made any other of the top ten lists; none of their models made the bottom ten lists, therefore according to the survey, the general public prefer the service offered by BMW than Mercedes-Benz. Although both companies may provide a friendly, professional looking service, they may want to look at the structure of their service, as the consumer that have purchased their products clearly are not greatly satisfied with the service they have received, according to the survey carried out by Topgear, shown on the next page. One reason why the Mercedes-Benz range of cars and especially the M-Class may have done so badly in the Topgear survey is because the consumers who purchased these cars are likely to have had experiences with other companies and there dealers and may have thought that Mercedes being classed as a luxury brand expected more than the other brands offer, which may have not been the case and therefore, the customers may feel that even though they spent more money on the car, they did not receive a better service, and may have been disappointed by this. 2004 Top Gear Survey the Last 10 (Ranking: Model Score out of 100) 133: Fiat Stilo 73. 7 134: Renault Megane 73. 6 135: Citroen Xsara 73. 5 136: Peugeot 206 73. 5 137: Citroen Saxo 73. 4 138: Fiat Bravo 70. 7 139: Renault Espace 70. 6 140: Renault Laguna 70. 3 141: Peugeot 307 69. 8 142: Mercedes M-Class 69. 8 The 10 most unreliable cars There were 142 cars listed in the final survey, of which the following 10 were ranked as the most unreliable. Citroen C3 (133rd) VW Polo (New) (134th) Citroen Xsara (135th) Citroen C5 (136th) Fiat Stilo (137th) Renault Megane (New) (138th) Mercedes M-Class (139th) Peugeot 307 (140th) Renault Laguna (141st) Renault Espace (142nd) Would you buy this car again? Top 10 who said Yes, Id buy this car again! Jaguar XJ (100%) Honda S2000 (99%) Subaru Forester (99%) Honda Jazz (98%) Skoda Fabia (98%) Skoda Octavia (97%) Seat Toledo (97%) Honda CR-V (96%) BMW 5-Series (96%) BMW Z3 (96%) Taken from www. bbc. co. uk/topgear website under the car survey link Another area which both companies may want to look is the cost of maintaining their cars. Many customers that can afford to buy a BMW or Mercedes-Benz, be it brand new or second hand, may not necessarily be able to afford to maintain the car. The labour charge that is incurred by both these companies is around the i 90 per hour, which is about three times more than if you were to go to a private mechanic. The labour charge does not include parts which are added on top. Some parts have to be specially ordered from Germany as authorised dealers do not carry all the parts, this means that the customer will have to wait until the part is shipped over to have their vehicle repaired. Therefore both companies may want to look at maybe reducing their labour charges, as this may attract less wealthy customers to the range. In the Topgear survey (shown above), the Mercedes-Benz M-class may have done so poorly in the reliability section because it did not have a proper target audience, it was not targeted at the wealthy customers nor the poorer customers, and therefore the wealthier customer may have expected more from the car than it delivered, and the poorer customers may not have been able to afford to maintain the car as Mercedes-Benz cars ought to be maintained. The two companies should also look into carrying all the parts, even if its one or two of the less popular parts that are required, this would mean that customers would have their vehicles repaired back to them sooner. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1- http://www. onemotoring. com 23/11/04 2- http://www. autointell. net 22/11/04 3- http://www. mbusa. com 19/11/04 4- http://www. bmwusa. com 18/11/04 5- http://www. irishtrucker. com 23/11/04 6- http://www. criticalmass. com 23/11/04 7- http://www. bmw. com 18/11/04 8- http://www. unb. ca 17/11/04 9- http://www. johnkay. com 19/11/04 10- http://www. bmw. com 17/11/04 11- http://www. iprospect. com 22/11/04 12- http://www. mercedes-benz. com 18/11/04 13- http://www. mercedes-benz. com 18/11/04 14- http://www. bmw. com 22/11/04 15- http://www. bbc. co. uk/topgear 22/11/04 16- http://www. whatcar. com 22/11/04 1 http://www. onemotoring. com 2 http://www. bmw. com 3 http://www. mercedes-benz. com 4 http://www. bmw. com 5 http://www. unb. ca 6 http://www. mercedes-benz. com 7 http://www. iprospect. com.

Calm Like A bomb essays

Calm Like A bomb essays Throughout time music has been used to express the way a musician feels. Sometimes a musician will sing about love, sometimes hate, and sometimes he or she will go as far as singing about current political issues involving war and injustices. In 1797, Jozef Wybicki wrote the Polish national anthem in Italy while fighting the Russians. The song called for an independent Poland and motivated the people of Poland to stand up against the Russians and fight for their freedom. In the 70s it was the Rolling Stones and Crosby Stills Nash and Young that sang out against the Vietnam War and motivated many hippies to stand up against the United States government. In the 90s it was time for a new type of music, punk. The band Rage Against the Machine made an enormous contribution to the musical scene. Their songs inspired many to stand up for their rights and also brought enormous attention to the Zapatista movement in Mexico. Their hit song Calm Like a Bomb is one of their more controver sial songs that challenges civilization. It uses the themes of society paradigms, recurring problems around the world, the need for society to rebuild from the beginning and the need for people to stand up for their rights. Throughout time, paradigms have stopped humans from attempting change and challenging the norms and standards accepted by society in general. A paradigm is simply a set of rules that filters information and sets boundaries and borders for what humans can and cant do. Calm Like a Bomb demonstrates excellent examples of how paradigms are affecting civilization. The song says Like Baldwin home from Paris (Rage Against the Machine, 4). This line is making reference to the late James Baldwin. Baldwin was a play writer and author who traveled to Paris where he discovered his homosexuality. When he returned to New York in the 1950s he wrote many plays including about gays and lesbians ...

Strategy theory and practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategy theory and practice - Essay Example US-based home building industries depend on fluctuations of interest rates. The structure of the home building industry has become progressively more attractive. Investors within the industry consist of two main competitive classes: multi-regional builders and smaller builders, (often inclusive of National Association of Home Builders members). Another fact that the home building industry is growing despite a stagnant economy is the increasing stock rates of building companies that are on the rise. Though the industry as a whole has been hit financially, there are incorporated building companies succeeding in the marketplace. Regardless of limited success, there are some predicaments within this industry that’ve been triggered by the recession. The new developments can be outlined as follows: A. The Great Recession has caused a negative impact on the house building industry 1. The building of new single-family homes has decreased for more than 80% in comparison with 2005 (Econ omic and Housing Data) 2. Modern buyers are purchasing smaller houses, which are cheaper 3.

Gay Marriage Is Nothing Different Than Straight Marriage Assignment

Gay Marriage Is Nothing Different Than Straight Marriage - Assignment Example The assignment "Gay Marriage Is Nothing Different Than Straight Marriage" analyzes gay marriages and proves that they are nothing different than straight marriages. Nowadays, homosexual marriages exist in 15 countries of the world, including most areas of the United States and several Mexican states, as well as Scotland, England and Wales. It is very important to distinguish between the notions of homosexual marriage and homosexual union. The second one presupposes mutual living and time spending, while the fact of registration of marriage provides various rights for a couple. It includes the right to joint property, inheritance rights, social and health insurance, tax rebates and credits, the right to a name, the right not to testify in court against a spouse. The other advantages include the right to speak on a trustee behalf of a spouse in case of his incapacity due to the health conditions, the right to share parenting and education of foster children and other advantages, unavai lable for unregistered couples. â€Å"Nine states and the District, encompassing about 15 percent of the U.S. population, have legalized gay marriage. This includes three states whose voters approved it on Nov. 6. Though it was opposed by a clear majority, 57 percent to 35 percent, in a 2001 Pew Research Center poll, gay marriage now enjoys a 48 percent plurality†. The legislation of the US refers the family law to the jurisdiction of the states, which put the issue of gay marriages entirely in the hands of state governments.

Obesity Trends in the United States Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Obesity Trends in the United States - Case Study Example At the same time, there was no reduction of the obese American’s percentage in any State of the country. According to the statistics given in the mentioned above report, there are more than 30 % of children in the United States that are overweight. The same report warned that the countrywide obesity leads to an increase in various chronic diseases among the population. The latter, in turn, stimulates the growth of budget expenditures on health care. For the fifth year in succession the statistics shows that the highest percentage of obese adults is in Mississippi. It is almost 35% of the total population. In addition, in Mississippi is the highest number of obese children between 10 and 17 years (44.4%). Since 1980’s, the percentage of obese children in the United States has tripled. According to the recent analysis by the Trust for America’s Health, Obesity could contribute to millions of cases diabetes, coronary heart disease and stroke, and cancer in the next two decades (TFAH & RWJF, 2012).   What is the reason for the rise of the American gluttony in the last 30 years? Many theories have been put forward. Some researchers see economic reason for the obesity: fatty food is cheaper that the other. Some blame the manufacturers who modified products so that consumers turn into food addicts, eating more high-calorie sweet specialties. The researches at Princeton University found that fast food products can be as addictive as heroin (BBC, 2003). Sweet desserts and beverages account 25% of all calories consumed by Americans, 5% make salty snacks, and 10% percent make vegetables and fruits. Among favorite dishes traditionally are burgers, pizza, and potato chips. The increase in the number of obese people in the United States is, inherently, due to the expanding number of fast foods and increase of the portions produced. The size of the first McDonald’s burgers has significantly increased up till now, as well as the volume

Causes of Stalking and Experiences

Causes of Stalking and Experiences Stalking is an issue that affects 1.5 million people each year. While women are commonly the general target, men can become victims of stalkers as well. Stalkers share similar traits, each of which fuel what they do. Oftentimes a stalkers motives are as easily profiled as their traits. Stalkers commonly share similar personality characteristics as well as reasons for doing what they do (Michele, 2002). Stalking has been around since the beginning of time. Men and women alike have been accused of such a crime because they either cant get it out of their head that the other person does not want to have anything to do with them, or they are just obsessed with a stranger. It is just recent that the UK Government has decided to make stalking a crime in it self. This type of crime was labelled as harassment, annoyance, or domestic violence. It wasnt until the 80s and 90s that stalking cases were brought to the attention of the media and high political policy makers (Michele, 2002). Discussion Many stalkers are loners. Because of the lack of other relationships, they become severely attached to the idea of possessing a relationship with the person who they are stalking (Paul, 2000). In many cases, the lack of ability to form relationships starts at a young age. Some stalkers are neglected by their parents, and in turn are unable to form attachments with other people later on in life. This causes them to be extremely lonely, which is a main characteristic of a stalker. This lack of personal relationships, combined with a low self-esteem creates a feeling of worthlessness (Michele, 2002). They feel like without a connection with the person they are stalking, they have no purpose in life. This is one reason for most celebrity stalking. The idea of establishing a connection with a person of high status becomes appealing, because these stalkers believe that they will acquire a higher level of importance. When this does not happen, stalkers can often become extremely angry, even violent toward that person. Frustration builds up, and they do not know how to deal with the situation. This can sometimes lead to stalker related deaths. A common characteristic shared by most stalkers is their lack of anxiety, and even shame in a stalking scenario (Paul, 2000). In most situations, a person would be absolutely beyond embarrassed to be caught snooping around in another persons personal belongings. Rummaging through someones garbage in order to find personal information would be so inappropriate that the average person would not even consider it. Beyond that, if they were, in fact, caught in the act, most people would be completely mortified. Stalkers, on the other hand, do not think this way. No action is too out of line. Stalkers see it as an attempt to gain the love of the person that they are stalking. These people seem to be immune to anxiety and discomfort, and in turn they have no trouble continuing in their pursuit. Some of the tasks that are carried out by stalkers are quite difficult. Stalkers need way more intelligence than one would assume that they have. But although many of them have mental disorders, most stalkers are much smarter than the average person. Obtaining information about a person is not usually the easiest task, but stalkers may go as far as changing jobs in order to do so. Stalkers sometimes learn how to tap into phone conversations, hack into computers, and spend thousands of dollars to find a particular person, or information about that person. Psychologists have long puzzled over the way in which individuals may act differently in identical situations, resulting in various strands of personality theory to have emerged within the realm of psychology each attempting to explain personality traits at various levels , these being experimental, psychometric and clinical (Michele, 2000). Butt (2004) notes how Eysencks theory although presented as a clinical approach to understanding individual difference, was fundamentally rooted within the psychometric tradition which emerged from within the mainstream paradigm in the early twentieth century. Most famously to appear from this era was the Likert scale- a graded style response questionnaire which had been engineered for attitude measurement. For Eysenck however psychometric testing aided the process of assessing and predicting individual levels and likelihood of extroversion or neuroticism by reducing dimensions of personality ranging on a bipolar scale from unstable to stable to either being classified as a typical extrovert or introvert. According to Eysneck the reduction of variables in personality traits to either extroversion or neuroticism could be biologically explained by differences in the cortical and autonomic arousal systems . According to Eysnecks Personality Inventory individuals who were perceived with introspective, quiet, reserved and generally unsociable traits were classified as having a high N score whilst those who appeared optimistic, talkative, sociable and outgoing were prescribed a high E score. This lies in contrast to Eysencks model of a fixed personality which appears to be unaffected by external circumstance . In addition, Salmons re- working and application of theories in the context of educational learning has shown how her intervention of the Salmon Line provides a basis for facilitating change (Jens, 2008). Salmons intentions in developing the Salmon Line were aimed at providing a tool that could stretch beyond diagnostic mo del and assist the learning process. The success of technique has been attributed to the ways in which behaviour change and learning is enhanced through eliciting pupils and teachers experiences and identifying areas of conflict and collaboration. The approach is rich in subjective experience captivating the diversity that exists amongst individuals and allowing for reflexivity in its approach. In summary for PCT theorists, differences in personality is viewed as a reflection of the complex ways in which individuals build constructions of their world rather than a simply reflection of innate biological forces. Having contrasted Eysnecks theory with others people shall now explore to what use and purposes such theories can apply as well as their validity in either upholding an agency-structure dualistic approach or seeking to dissolve it (Jens, 2008). Stalkers often also possess the ability to manipulate friends and family members of the person who they are stalking (Thomas, 2003). They will find ways to trick the people into giving away information about the person they are harassing. This involves a higher level of intelligence than that of an average person. Often, people who stalk celebrities suffer from a condition called erotomania, which is also known as de Clerambaults syndrome. Stalkers fall deeply in love with a person and in their own mind, that person is in love with them as well. Stalkers will watch the actions of the person very closely, and even if they have never met the person before in their life, they believe that that person is in love with them as well. Stalkers may dream up an entire relationship, such as Margaret Ray did when she told people that she was David Lettermans wife. Not only did she claim to be married to Letterman, but one day she showed up at his house carrying a baby which she demanded was his (Letterman stalker killed by train in apparent suicide)(Thomas, 2003). Sometimes people will stalk celebrities simply because they desire the fame and status of those people. Michael Lewittes article Serial Celebrity Daters describes the lives of Lisa Chiafullo and Jennifer Young-two girls who are obsessed with being obsessed (Joseph, 2001). Each of these girls began dating the stars at young ages. While Jennifer grew up in luxury in Beverly Hills, Lisa was on welfare and in bad financial shape. While Jennifer enjoyed the high life and luxury of dating celebrities, Lisa sometimes counted on meals, shelter and money from celebrities to keep her head above water. The desire is summed up perfectly by Lisa (Joseph, 2001). She always wanted to be somebody so if she couldnt be somebody; she wanted to date someone who was. This type of thinking is what causes many fans to turn into fanatics. They obsessed over people simply because of whom they are and how famous they are. Stalking is not only limited to celebrities, however average people are in danger of being stalked just as well (Thomas, 2003). In the case of simple obsession stalkers, victims arent chosen based on celebrity status or popularity, rather their past relationships with the stalker. Simple obsession stalkers harass people who they have been involved with in previous relationships, most of the time; the victim puts an end to the relationship, which seems to be tragic to the stalker. Suddenly, the stalker feels that his or her life has been destroyed, and that they simply cannot live without having that person back. The reasoning behind the stalking is that they feel like they have no self worth in the world and that its a necessity to have the person back in order to regain their identity and power that they once had. The person falls into a deep state of denial, refusing to accept the idea that they will have to go on in life without that person. Stalking is not always based on positive feelings and desire to by love. Some people stalk to seek revenge or simply out of pure hatred for a person. Sometimes stalking can occur in the workplace. A large number of murders due to stalking are carried out by people who have recently been fired from a job and who want to get revenge on the person who fired them. Psychotherapists sometimes become targets of stalking as well. They are severely harassed by former patients of theirs. Dissatisfaction, anger, and hatred are a few reasons that can fuel stalkers to harass and sometimes abuse- or even kill their victims (Thomas, 2003). Taking charge and admitting there is a domestic abuse problem is the key to starting to take back ones life, but the legal system must also be utilized to ensure individual rights are preserved and protected (Joseph, 2001). While great strides have been made in recent years to strengthen laws and educate judges on how to address domestic violence cases effectively, there is still work to be done. Some domestic violence cases have languished in district circuit courts for years. Because there are weak justices and numerous loop holes in the written law, there are criminals who will return to society un-rehabilitated seeking revenge or to target another to abuse. The feminist movement during the 1970s fundamentally changed societys attitude towards domestic violence (Logan, 2006). Women who formerly had been battered and abused developed services for domestic violence victims. They also lobbied for government support of these services and raised awareness of domestic violence. Since then, numerous changes have taken place to address the problem of domestic violence. Class action lawsuits and civil-damage suits forced law enforcement agencies to revise their policies and adapt processes to better address domestic violence. Domestic violence incidents were, in many states, established as crimes against the state, resulting in the victim no longer having to press charges. Law enforcement officers today are often trained on how to respond to domestic violence incidents. The medical community also felt the need to act in response to domestic violence. In Delaware, for example, the Delaware Coalition against Domestic Violence together with Delaware s medical community and the Domestic Violence Coordinating Council (DVCC) developed a manual for healthcare providers addressing how to respond to domestic violence (Stephen, 2002). The DVCC also trains hospitals and clinics, police officers, prosecutors, judicial officers, court personnel, executives, faith-based personnel, social workers, advocates, probation officers, and therapists throughout the First State on domestic violence. While most laws pertaining to domestic violence are on the state level, the federal government also responded to domestic violence. For example, it is a federal offence to travel from one state to another to commit domestic violence or to force an intimate partner to cross state lines in an attempt to commit domestic violence. Additionally, the federal government passed interstate stalking legislation making it a federal offence to cross state lines in an attempt to stalk a victim, and also barred offenders from carrying and owning weapons. The Violence against Women Act (VAWA) further protects victims of domestic violence and provides funding for services. VAWA also requires that the victim, if so desired, be heard at a bail hearing with regard to the danger posed by the defendant. VAWA also stipulates that the victim be reimbursed for costs occurred to the victim in obtaining a restraining order and other costs connected to a domestic violence conviction. Another important aspect o f VAWA is the ability for battered and abused spouses and children of citizens and lawful permanent residents to self-petition for independent legal residency. Before VAWA, immigrant victims had to fear deportation when leaving an abusive relationship (Logan, 2006). Since the late 1970s, states took an active role in domestic violence prevention. About a third of domestic violence outreach and services are funded from state level (Stephen, 2002). Most states have laws that allow prosecutors to charge abusers without having to involve the victim. Many times victims are no longer are required to testify against their abusers. In 1997, a total of seven states and the nations capital had mandatory arrest laws on the books that required law enforcement to make an arrest if there is evidence of an assault. Even more states encouraged such arrests. A 1984 study showed that arresting abusers lowered the re-arrest rate within the next 6 months for domestic violence to 10%. However, more studies are needed to replicate these findings (Stephen, 2002). According to the study, most intimate partner abuse is not reported to law enforcement, making it difficult to know exactly how many men and women are abused. Only about 20 percent of all rapes, 25 percent of physical assaults, and 50% of stalking incidents against women were reported to law enforcement. The number of victimizations of men by intimate partners reported to police is even smaller. A general belief that the police cannot help or would not do anything keeps victims from reporting abuse or stalking incidents (Stephen, 2002). Many positions related to domestic violence are held by social workers. Social workers often help clients build s support system by referring them to resources they need and by helping them gain access to such services. Social workers may also be involved in crisis and long term counselling to help victims make significant decisions. Additionally, social workers may develop and co-lead support groups for victims, lobby on a national or state level for funding, and perform advocacy work. Advocacy work may include fund raising, training, explaining domestic violence, speaking to the media about domestic violence, developing materials to give to battered women, and community education. These are only a few of the essential functions performed by social workers in the domestic violence field. In 1993, following the murder of a woman by her ex-lover, who violently harassed her in breach of a protection order before killing her , the New South Wales Parliament responded by enacting a separate offence of Stalking which is now part of the Crimes Act. Stalking is conduct that is harassing or threatening, directed at a person with the intention to cause intimidation or fear. It is a form of non-physical violence, causing psychological and emotional abuse (Logan, 2006). The awakening of concern about this type of behaviour was caused by its prevalence in domestic violence cases. Firstly, the nature of the offence of stalking makes it inappropriate to prosecute under the current law of criminal assault. Related to this is the severe impact that stalking behaviour inflicts on its victims. The current law of assault is simply not broad enough to deal with the complexities that arise from an offence such as stalking. Assault is an act, which intentionally or recklessly causes another to apprehend immediate and unlawful personal violence, charged under s61 of the Crimes Act. At the essence of the offence of assault is a requirement that the threat created by the offender must cause a fear of imminent violence in the victim. Stalking involves instances where a person does not explicitly threaten their victim but silently follows them around or sits outside their dwelling. When placed in this context, such behaviour is dangerous beyond its immediate significance. Although, it is difficult to charge this as assault since it is not sufficient that the threat raises apprehension that violence will be inflicted at some time in the future. The inability to prosecute an offence that is of a similar nature to stalking under the law of assault was apparent in the case of Knight. Knight had made a series of phone calls threatening to kill or injure those involved his prior conviction, including a policeman, a magistrate and to a judge who later dismissed his appeal (Logan, 2006). On appeal to the Court of Criminal Appeal, his conviction for these offences was quashed on the basis that the requirement of a threat of immediate violence was not satisfied. Even though his behaviour caused fear and was dangerous, it fell short of the necessary accuses and hence could not be sanctioned under the law of criminal assault (Paul, 2000). Alternatively, the case of Ireland demonstrates an instance where an offence with characteristics that can be likened to stalking was successfully prosecuted under assault. The accused had proceeded to harass a woman whom he had a prior social relationship with, by making both silent and abusive phone calls, frequenting her place of work and home and taking photographs of the victim and her family. While fearful of personal violence the victim was also diagnosed with suffering a severe depressive illness. The offenders behaviour amounted to assault. This reasoning was founded on the fact that the victims fear of the caller arriving at her door could be seen as imminent since he may be making the calls in close proximity to her home and able to arrive at her door within minutes. However the legal reasoning in this case, has been criticised for being rather artificial by stretching assault beyond its natural legal meaning. As shown in Knight, most stalking cases are not suitable for pr osecution under the elements of criminal assault. The main area of assault also poses difficulty for the prosecution of stalking. It is constituted by intention to either affect an unlawful contact or to create an apprehension of imminent unlawful contact in the mind of the victim (Larry, 2000). Despite that the common law of assault is now more accommodating to the offence of stalking, through developing an interpretation of harm to include psychiatric as well as physical injury (Logan, 2006). It is still difficult to prove the imminence requirement in both of most stalking cases where the threat of harm is protracted rather than immediate (Sandra, 2007). Therefore, there is more rationale in treating stalking as a separate offence with its own specific elements rather than distorting the elements of assault to accommodate for the manifestations of stalking. The wide-ranging and severe impact of stalking further necessitates the need for a separate offence of stalking to deal with this crime. The psychological responses caused by stalking such as anxiety, fear, paranoia and often symptoms of post- traumatic stress disorder have been acknowledged in a study as emotions induced by stalkers. This research has found that 94% of victims have made changes to lifestyle patterns such as temporary or permanent relocation, changing personal contact information and even identities. Perhaps more compelling is that victims of a recent psychopathological study indicated that they might have coped better with more tangible damage of physical assault than with a stalkers constant intrusion and menace (Paul, 2000). Furthermore, stalking is often a precursor to severe and fatal physical violence as demonstrated in the case of Thomas v Burk. In this instance the applicant had been in a previous relationship with the complainant. After they separated, the complainant experienced many incidents of stalking such as receiving harassing telephone calls at work and being followed on a vacation trip. These incidents eventually escalated to physical abuse when on one occasion, the applicant stroked the complainant with such force across the face with an open hand that it caused injury to her eye. This is one of many cases that reflect the statistic that 80% of women who report being stalked by an intimate partner are eventually physically assaulted (Sandra, 2007). It therefore becomes apparent that there is a need to take preventative action. Such as prosecuting this behaviour under an offence of stalking at its early stage, rather than waiting until the situation amplifies and the victim is physically a ssaulted and only then taking action by prosecuting for assault. Sexual Harassment is defined as a continuum of behaviours that intimidate, demean, humiliate or coerce (Diane, 2006). These behaviours range from the subtle forms that can accumulate into a hostile working, learning, or worshipping environment to the most severe forms of stalking, assault or rape. For many businesses, preventing sexual harassment, and defending its managerial employees from sexual harassment charges, has become key goals of legal decision making. In contrast, many scholars complain that sexual harassment in education remains a forgotten secret, with educators and administrators refusing to admit the problem exist in their schools, or accept their legal and ethical responsibilities to deal with it. Previously stalking behaviour has been prosecuted as offensive conduct under s4 of the Summary Offences Act. An artificial reasoning was drawn by the courts that stalking was offensive from the fact that it was continued or repeated. While offensive conduct carries a light maximum penalty of three months this may be satisfactory for minor instances of stalking but it is a clearly an inappropriate reflection of the magnitude of behaviour that amounts to intimidation and harassment. The protracted nature of stalking and the serious implications on its victims necessitates the need for a specific offence of stalking with its own appropriate penalty in order to capture the severity of the offence. This is arguably more effective than collapsing this offence into the category of offensive conduct or treating it as criminal assault. The offender would then, also have to bear the stigma of being labelled a stalker (Larry, 2000). In 2006 study on sexual harassment at colleges and universities, it was reported that 62% of female college students and 61% of male college students report having been sexually harassed at their university, with 80% of the reported harassment being peer-to-peer. Fifty-one percent of male college students admit to sexually harassing someone in college, with 22% admitting to harassing someone often or occasionally (Diane, 2006). Thirty-one percent of female college students admitted to harassing someone in college. Sexual harassment can occur in a variety of circumstances. The harasser can be anyone, such as a supervisor, a client, a co-worker, a teacher or professor, a student, a friend, or a stranger. The victim does not have to be the person directly harassed but can be anyone who finds the behaviour offensive and is affected by it. While adverse effects on the victim are common, this does not have to be the case for the behaviour to be unlawful. The victim can be a male or female. The harasser can be male or female. The harasser does not have to be of the opposite sex. The harasser may be completely unaware that his or her behaviour is offensive or constitutes sexual harassment or may be completely unaware that his or her actions could be unlawful. There are however, some instances where a criminal sanction may not constitute an effective strategy of deterring further stalking even though the impact on the victim is traumatic. This mainly applies to the category of stalkers classified as erotomaniacs who are mentally ill. It would be more appropriate to deal with these stalkers through the mental health system as they are impervious to judicial sanctions and thus require assertive psychiatric management. The inefficacy of using stalking legislation to punish a perpetrator who has a psychiatric condition was illustrated in the case of Strong v The Queen. The appellant had been sentenced to imprisonment for the offence of stalking a female contrary to s562ABof the Crimes Act 1900(NSW) (Paul, 2000). Whilst serving his sentence in prison, the accused began writing sexually suggestive letters to another female with whom he had no prior relationship. After his release, he continued with his stalking behaviour by following and watchin g her and subsequently moved to live opposite her home. This conduct became the basis of another substantive charge of stalking for which he was again imprisoned. On appeal of this conviction the issue was raised that he had been diagnosed with suffering symptoms of psychosis. The Criminal Court of Appeal agreed that in cases such as this, the offenders condition should be managed under mental health legislation rather than sanctioned under the criminal law. This case demonstrates the inability of the criminal law to deter psychiatrically ill stalkers as the rate of recidivism of people in this category suggests. However, it is important to note that the majority population of stalkers are from the intimate category of non- psychotic ex partners and are not mentally ill at the time of committing the offence. Courts can issue an Apprehended Domestic Violence Order under s562AE of the Crimes Act 1900(NSW) or an Apprehended Personal Violence Order under s562AI of the Crimes Act 1900(NSW). Unfortunately this method of dealing with stalking offences is often criticised for having little effect on serious obsessive behaviours exhibited by some offenders. A recent study has shown that after issuance of an apprehended violence order, stalking and physical violence was reduced in the first six months only to reoccur in over half the cases of women who undertook the study. This shows that these orders are an inappropriate long-term prevention tool. Helen Katzen reported in her study that of the 22,556 apprehended violence orders granted in New South Wales in 1998, 9,647 breaches were recorded by the police (Joseph, 2001). The ease with which these orders are breached and the fact that they are not taken seriously is reflected in the case of Long field v Glover. The appellant had been in a relation ship with the complainant. When the relationship ended she obtained an apprehended domestic violence order, which prohibited the appellant contacting her. He disregarded this order and persisted calling her at home and at work, making threatening statements such as I control your life (Michele, 2002). Similarly in the case of R v Powell, the appellant had broken into the victims premises in breach of an apprehended violence order and maliciously wounded her by stabbing her twice in the back. Both these cases demonstrate the inability of these orders to deter offenders which highlights how inefficient a mechanism they, are for dealing with such behaviour. Furthermore, apprehended violence orders were found in many cases to be aggravating factors, which exacerbate the likelihood of violence (Paul, 2000). This was exemplified in the case of Igbinoba v Commissioner of New South Wales Police Service, where a court issuance of an apprehended domestic violence order aroused further anger in the defendant towards the complainant, which resulted in a threat being made towards her that he was going to get her (Paul, 2000). Shortly after receiving the order, the defendant started a campaign of harassment against her and physically assaulted her. Recent research shows that incarceration has a sobering effect on stalkers and allows them to adjust their lives. This supports the idea that a more preventative approach would be to immediately prosecute this behaviour under an offence of stalking with a prison sentence, rather than wait for breach of an order to occur by which time the situation may have escalated to a degree of violence. While, it is impractical to contain all stalking offences by criminalising them, it is also inefficient for the court to proceed with prosecuting minor nuisances under the stalking legislation. Many of these cases would not lead to any conviction due to the lack of the requisite intent necessary to prove the offence. In 1998, two example cases were given by the model criminal code committee where stalking legislation was used inappropriately (Joseph, 2001). In the first case a fourteen year old girl had stalked her teacher, by following him around school and singing a mocking song about the teacher. In the later case Yugoslavian parents had stalked their teenage daughters because they had moved away from home in violation of family traditions. These stalking incidents are more commonly known as conformist who is the stalking falls within the acceptable range of social behaviour rather than criminal stalking. Neither of these cases led to convictions. In circumstances such as these, a pplicants are more likely to succeed in obtaining apprehended violence orders since they would only be required to prove on the balance of probabilities, that they are in fear of the other person and that these fears could culminate into an act of personal violence or harassing conduct (Sandra, 2007). With advances in technology people see new and scary ways criminals commit crimes. With the introduction of cell phones and scanners years ago, criminals could listen to police radio traffic and see where and how we police were responding. No need for look outs, technology became the look out. Now in the computer age people see crimes from identity theft and hacking into computers to steal personal and corporate confidential information to cyber stalking and sexual predating to cell phone cloning. Criminals have a whole new playground and the playground as technology advances (Lorraine, 2008). But technology is not just for criminals. Law enforcement agencies are using technology to make police work more effective and efficient. Also police and communities are also using technology to make their communities safer. Cyber stalking is described as the procedure or offense of deliberately and constantly irritating another person in situation that would cause a sensible person to panic harm or death because of articulated or obscured fears is a comparatively latest trouble. Annoying others over the Internet is a little that usually happens, but the word constantly placed in front of that report can make a huge distinction. If someone is causing a nescience that interferes with ones professional or individual life it is measured stalking. Catching the criminals of computer is the tough part. There are Computer Crime Stopper groups, hackers turned excellent, whose only intention and job is to track down and catch criminals of computer (Keith, 2002). Activity of tracking computer is a hard thing to do, particularly over the Internet. There is no track left for the criminal to be followed through. Generally the only things crime-stoppers have to go on are the IP addresses and telecommunication lines to trace to find the source of the signal, but the performer is generally long gone through the time authorities arrive. Anticipation is a vital part in defending the computers of these days. Through secure servers, which are particular c

The Desire of Human Trafficking

Compton Saul 2/11/2013 The Desire of Human Trafficking Human trafficking is considered to be the equivalent to modern day slavery. Even judging by the definition, human trafficking has a very negative term. Human trafficking, in many articles, is described as â€Å"the illegal trade of human beings, mainly for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation or forced labor† (â€Å"Human Trafficking†). Human trafficking is becoming more and more of a problem and it has caught the attention of the UN. The UN is seeing that human trafficking is affecting the economies of countries and is morally wrong.One of the countries that suffers significantly from human trafficking is the Philippines. History The Philippines has become increasingly vulnerable to human trafficking. This is partly due to the country’s economic difficulty. About 11 million Filipinos work overseas to help their family still living in the Philippines. A specific reason that Filipinos go overseas is b ecause there are not many jobs in the Philippines. The economy leaves many Filipinos looking for jobs in different places that many believe will give them money to support their family. As a result of this, many female Filipinos are lured into human trafficking.The females are promised a respectable job to support their families. A typical Filipino led to believe that they are moving abroad to get a good job that will support her family, this trick that led them into slavery Females are not the only individuals who get tricked into human trafficking. Men and children also are involved in human trafficking. According to a human trafficking website, â€Å"women and children are trafficked within the country for forced begging, and for exploitation in the commercial sex industry† (â€Å"Human trafficking†). Filipinos are trafficked from rural areas to urban areas.In the Philippines, traffickers, in partnership with organized crime syndicates and complicit law enforcement officers, regularly operate through fraudulent recruitment agencies to traffic migrants. â€Å"The workers are often treated with violence, abuse, inhumane living conditions, nonpayment of salaries, and withholding of travel and identity documents this to leaving them with no way out† (â€Å"Human trafficking†). Historically, the Philippines have no sustainable jobs to maintain a typical Filipino family. This is why human trafficking is dramatically increasing in the Philippines by the factors they face (â€Å"Human Trafficking†). UnemploymentThe Philippines have limited jobs to support the Filipino population. Most Families get their income from overseas. This is true is because there are very little jobs available in the Filipino economy. As a consequence, many Filipinos are unemployed and fail to live a reasonable life. Unemployment in the Philippines is more widespread in the urban areas than in rural areas. The in depth reason why is because in rural areas many of the jobs involve agriculture jobs. This makes it easy for the populations that live in rural areas to be employed. Compared to rural resident, the urban population lacks the resources to earn jobs.This leaves most of the urban population unemployed with no jobs and income. Other factors like population growth and poverty leaves many families unemployed. The few jobs Filipinos are able to get are not able to support their household, making it hard for them to rely on the job. (â€Å"Trafficking In Persons Report 2012†) The Process of Recruited Victims Human trafficking often begins in the slums of the Philippines. Many of the victims who are recruited are children and women. Traffickers offer good jobs, but most individuals are tricked into to free labor.This is a reason as to why a typical Filipino is willing to go along with human trafficking. They see this as a ticket way to get away from the slums and to a better life. I emphasize on better life because many Filipi no are trying to survive from the poverty they deal with on daily bases. The trafficker strives on the Filipinos hopes and aspirations to hoax the citizen into working for them. Most of the victims are paid up front to show that the traffickers are trustworthy. Female Filipinos are usually promised waitressing jobs, but are manipulated into another form of labor, such as prostitution.Human traffickers also have a tendency to harass the family, making their daughters or children work for them. No Choices Many Filipino women still continue to go back to human trafficking because they believe there no other choices. The Filipino women, knowing the consequences, still continue to endure the horrible treatment in order to support their family. Many of the females believe that since there aren’t many available jobs, they must continue to endure these bad conditions. Many of the women believe that it’s their only option and that it is the right thing to do in order to help th eir family.Since they are limited by jobs, many Filipino women believe this would help their families by having something to provide for them. Filipino women then, as a result, continue to fall prey to human trafficking. Many Filipinos see this as a ticket to a better life where they can escape the economic difficulty. Typical Filipino families have nothing to support their family because they live in poverty. The individuals involved in this human trafficking often bring their daughters or other younger females into the process, solely because they believe that they are doing the right thing in providing for them.Conclusion The Filipino government understands that human trafficking is an immense problem in their country. The Philippine government and others have tried taking steps in preventing human trafficking. Concern for the help of many Filipinos is prominent because of the labor they have to work for. As stated in the Human Trafficking article, â€Å"the majority of children work as labors and unskilled workers, and are often exposed to hazardous working environment in industries such as mining, fishing, pyrotechnic production, domestic service, garbage scavenging, and agriculture, especially sugar cane plantations. This news catches the eyes of the government and Filipino organizations that want to prevent harsh acts towards children. One person that tries to limit and prevent human trafficking is CECILIA FLORES-OEBANDA. Ms. Cecilia Flores-Oebanda is the Founder and Director of the Visayan Forum Foundation (VFI) (â€Å"Human Trafficking†). The foundation tries to better the lives of the Filipino citizens who believe they have no choices, and result to human trafficking.The foundation tries and helps families that live in poverty so that they don’t turn to human trafficking. The foundation understands that it is the people that live in poverty that are tricked or have bondage with human trafficking. To conclude, human trafficking is the m odern day slavery. The factors that contribute to human trafficking are poverty, unemployment and economic stability (â€Å"Human trafficking†). These factors are what lead the Filipino population to believe that human trafficking will give them a better life.

Age Requirements in the Music Industry

Music brings excitement to everyone’s lives. It goes without saying, music industry is a youth dominated business.   Music creates huge portions of popular cultures, promoting fashions, make-up, automobiles, popular hangouts and latest technology. People behind scenes in music business targeting youthful audiences bring in most revenue. Performer’s ability to portray sex symbolic image determines, to a large extent, record company’s success. Age Requirements; When professionals force very young children into stretching their vocal chords to match pitches in high notes above treble staff, when a child is given drugs to work longer hours while keeping up with school work, it is too young. When an older person no longer wants to make efforts to appeal to audiences, that is when they are too old. Madonna, Tina Turner and Janet Jackson did not acquire their sex symbol images by accident, regardless of how beautiful they were when they were born. When a â€Å"stroke of bad luck† involving serious health problems, is another time when a person is too old for the music industry. This can occur at 20 years old, or it may never occur. Music industry professionals are not concerned with actual ages, as they are with possessing appearances and talent appealing to youth and ability to hold audiences. â€Å"Although Bocelli was exposed to different styles when he was young, its been my experience age doesn’t matter. What matters is a willingness to do what it takes. I have used methods to assist many singers into developing new styles, regardless of age† (Goodrich, 2007).   Carrying off a sexy singing voice is equally important as carrying off sexy physical image. Many auditions forms ask a persons age range. Age range refers to the age performers can portray. Very often, a 40 year old person has an age range of 20-25; likewise very often, a twenty five year old has an age range of 40-50. Sex Symbols; â€Å"Audiences today have a very short attention span. An ability to intrigue an audience is mandatory† (paraphrased, Ravelo, November 1, 2007).   Sex symbols definitely intrigues audiences, initially. Anyone can look like a sex symbol. Sex symbol status, like it or not, is determined by weight management. Rules of statistics do not apply to people keeping youthful appearances years longer than expected. Singers such as Beyonce, Madonna, PussyCat Dolls are superior role models for women. Their hairstyles, fashions, physique contribute to their identity of being a sex symbol. Nightclubs; Even with stricter laws on underage drinking, and the nightclub staff, many underage people successfully enter into clubs. All night club personnel must attend classes and pass a mandatory exam regarding laws. Fake identification cards, or theft of someone else’s valid ID’s are one way it is done. Legal parents or guardians accompanying their children can legally enter into night clubs and drink, as long as the beverage is served to the parent, and they parent gives them the drink. Sometimes managers bend rules allowing underage people into the club. And sometimes unmentioned arrangements are bargained with between the club and the state and city law enforcement agencies. Clubs who ID every person walking through the door, are probably the ones pulling something under the table. Nightclubs appeal to youthful crowds. Usually, nightclubs target age groups by music selection. Sometimes a persons choice of music reveals their age. People educated in music will listen to all types of music. Conclusion; Music industry has no age requirements. Music industry requires targeting youthful audiences at any age. Popular culture, which is youth oriented, is often associated with music. Music videos are full of sex symbols, including Justin Timberlake, Elvis, Ricky Martin, Usher, Gwen Steffani, Christina Augillera. Sex symbols in music industry serve as wonderful role models for all people of all ages. People who are in the spotlight also have a responsibility to ensure their behavior is worth copying. The media and Christian groups love to â€Å"throw dirt† on anything or anyone presented as a glamorous sexy superstar. Music video industry has talented sex symbols of all ages. Notes: Goodrich, M. Can Style Be Learned? Backstage.com Voice Movement; Published November 2, 2007; Date retrieved November 3, 2007 http://www.backstage.com/bso/search/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003667139 Ravelo, H., Kuhn, S., Bickelmann, L., What Top Three Things Make a Successful Actor Backstage.com; Ask A Pro. Published November 1, 2007; Date retrieved November 3, 2007 http://www.backstage.com/bso/advice-columns/ask-a-professional/ask-a-pro/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003666231

Impacts Of Negative Issues That Affect Tourist Tourism Essays

Impacts Of Negative Issues That Affect Tourist Tourism Essays Impacts Of Negative Issues That Affect Tourist Tourism Essay Impacts Of Negative Issues That Affect Tourist Tourism Essay All the tourer who travel to and remain in topographic points outside the normal scope of non more than one twelvemonth of clip and concern chances. An event that makes the demand of goods and services and provides the place is considered portion of the touristry industry. This industry besides includes the formation of a peculiar merchandise sold to visitants even if they do non organize a major portion of tourer ingestion. There are several substructure sectors such as electricity, telecommunications, H2O supply and do the production of some sectors such as travel points, athleticss equipment, exposure, stuffs, drugs and cosmetics such as airdromes, railroads, roads, H2O, installations like electricity, clean H2O, drainage and disposal of solid waste. Servicess and installations such as hotels, eating houses, recreational installations and shopping. Tourist today does non cognize much of Cambodia due to their topographic point and environment. Their chief attractive forces are Angkor Wat which the whole period of Angkor Wat spans from than 15 centuries. During this period the whole country of Angkor Wat was built. Cambodia is a beautiful topographic point for holiday but a batch of people are incognizant of it and its topographic point where the celebrated attractive force is which the Angkor Wat is. Cambodia is a constitutional monarchy of King Sihamoni. Phnom Penh is the capital and largest metropolis authorities, is a state economic, industrial, commercial and cultural Centre of the chief hub of Cambodia. Siem Reap, near the celebrated Angkor Wat ruins in a little town is the gateway to the Angkor part, Cambodia is a tourer finish. Battambang in western Cambodia, the largest metropolis, is celebrated for rice, Sihanoukville, the coastal metropoliss of the production is a major seaport and beaches resort.Cambodia one of approximately 181,035 ( 69,898 stat mis ) , with 1 square kilometres country population of more than 140,000 Chinese ruddy. Normally identified as Kampuchean citizens. Most of Theravada Buddhism in Cambodia, but the state besides has a big figure of Muslim bulk Cham, every bi t good as Chinese, Vietnamese and little animist hill folks. Agribusiness has been Cambodia most of import sector of the economic system, some vesture, touristry, development is besides an of import sum of foreign visitants to Angkor Wat more than 4 million.In 2005, the oil and gas militias located in the Waterss of Cambodia, one time commercial excavation began in 2011, the oil grosss that can impact the economic system of Cambodia After a long series of wars with the neighbouring land, the Kingdom of Ayutthaya sacked Angkor and abandoned in 1432 because of a failure of ecological and infrastructure harm. The Court to reassign the capital to Lovek any authorities effort to return the glorification through nautical trade. Ephemeral attempt, nevertheless, as the war continued with the Ayutthaya and Vietnam resulted in the loss of more district and the occupied Lovek in 1594. Over the following three centuries, the Khmer Empire alteration as his state s authorities and the male monarchs of Ayutthaya Vietnam, and the comparatively short period of independency and equipment found at the nucleus of quartzite crushed rock along the Mekong River, Stung Treng and parts KratiAAÂ © Province, and in the State of Kampot, but they are non dating diandalkan. Some archeological grounds shows small community of hunter-gatherers occupied Cambodia during the Holocene: an archeological site is considered the most ancient Cambodia Laang Spean cave, in the Territory of Battambang, which includes the Hoabinhian mentioned. Excavations in the lower bed to bring forth a series of radiokarbon in 6000 BC. Top bed on the same page to give grounds to the Neolithic passage, gerabah ceramics incorporating early day of the month in Cambodia lt ; br gt ; archeological record for the Holocene period and Iron Age remains the same limited. prehistoric site other than the day of the month is slightly unsure Samrong Sen ( non far from the ancient capital of Oudong ) , where the research began merely in 1877, and Phum Snay in Banteay Meanchey state North. Prehistoric artefacts are frequently found during excavation activities in Ratanakiri. lt ; br gt ; Prehistoric grounds of the most outstanding in Cambodia, but may Earthworks circle , found in ruddy dirt in the close Memot and the environing country of Vietnam in the late fiftiess. Function and age is still debated, but some of them may come from the 2nd millenary BC a t least. An of import event in the prehistoric culture of Cambodia is a slow incursion of the first rice husbandmans from the North, which began at the terminal of the 3rd millenary BC. They may talk Mon-Khmer ascendants Background of the job There is non much of consciousness among the tourer in Malaysia and other states about Cambodia. A batch of my talks inquire me have I been to Cambodia and I answer no I have non been at that place. He told me that Cambodia is really nice and it is deserving to travel at that place. Cambodia is a 3rd universe war state that is why a batch of people would non cognize about Cambodia. The sex touristry in Cambodia is bad where one tierce of the state is make fulling with kid. A state should rede the kids to non make sex touristry as it will impact them mentally and internally. Cambodia should deter sex touristry in their state. Most of the tourer knows about Cambodia but they would neer go at that place. Sexual activity touristry is one of the chief jobs because of cocotte it will prosecute HIV positive because of sex touristry. Cambodia is one of the poorest states which are still retrieving from their war and political repression. A kid do non have instruction from schools all they know is sex because of the parents did non direct them to a proper instruction because the parents are non able to pay for the instruction fees. A kid should have a proper instruction without staying their kids instruction as you know instruction is really of import to kids. Problem statement Cambodia has been known as a state that provides sex touristry other than the attractive forces which have been associated with so many negative perceptual experiences. The negative position on Cambodia has been widely known as a state for sex touristry. Is Cambodia dredging its rivers to decease which gives negative impacts in Cambodia due to the exports of sand to Singapore and now they are killing their ain people for it where fisherman needs to go further to feeds their household. Does sex touristry gives negative impacts to Cambodia? And are Cambodia kids having proper instruction? What can assist Cambodia to increase in their touristry? Therefore in this research, research worker chief purpose is highlight to assist Cambodia to increase in their touristry whereas can hike their economic system besides. To rectify the negative issues in Cambodia which is the sex touristry? The research worker hopes to advance Cambodia touristry and assist them to work out these jobs. 1.3 Research Question 1. Be at that place any ways to assist Cambodia touristry? 2. How can we advance Cambodia touristry? 3. What are the positive issues that can assist to hike Cambodia touristry? 4. What can the authorities do to assist? 5. Is sex touristry one of the chief jobs of Cambodia? Research aim To rectify the public negative perceptual experience on Cambodia To advance Cambodia touristry To make consciousness to the touristry Come out with a proposal that can hike Cambodia touristry To work out the negative issues in Cambodia To establish this research with facts obtained from diaries. Theoretical and conceptual model The intent of this research paper is to rectify the negative perceptual experience of the public position on Cambodia. The research worker would wish to inform the tourer on Cambodia attractive forces and civilization. This research paper will largely utilize the existent facts of information that can be obtained from Cambodia touristry, Government web site, and other diaries will besides possible to obtain online. This will handily supply the research worker information in order to expose the true facts to the tourer about the admiration of Cambodia. From the resources that research worker has been able to obtain which most of the resources are diaries that are written about positive issues in Cambodia and their attractive force which benefits the touristry. It is of import for the research worker to utilize the true information in this research in order to convert the tourer on the positive issues go oning in Cambodia. At the same clip to besides rectify the negative perceptual experience among the tourer as it is a great loss if the tourer does non cognize the positive issues in Cambodia and their attractive forces. It is besides to observe the actions that have should be done by the authorities of Cambodia by rectifying the negative perceptual experience and to advance their touristry and to come out with proposal to hike Cambodia touristry. 1.5.1Conceptual model With the conceptual model that provided in head map signifier below, it is to demo how this research has been done and followed by conformity to the head map. To come out with proposal to pull touristry in Cambodia and to work out their negative impacts that cause tourer non to go to their state. Create consciousness to the tourer sing their cultural, heritage and history and to advance their attractive forces which is Angkor Wat. Positions on Cambodia touristry Impacts of negative issues that affect tourer Positive issues on Cambodia Rectification of Negative Percept Proposal to hike touristry in Cambodia 1.6 Significance of survey The intent of this research is to happen out the perceptual experience of the tourer on Cambodia. This is done on order to rectify the job of Cambodia. The negative issues have an impact on the touristry which causes them non to go to Cambodia. Sex touristry is one of the jobs where the state might be make fulling with diseases which cause the tourer non to go at that place and because Cambodia did non make much publicity on their ain state to make consciousness to the tourer. Due to the limited resources that might be available to the tourer and that non much of these attractive forces have been promoted to the tourer. The tourer still contain the incorrect perceptual experience on Cambodia therefore the research worker is besides trusting that after this research has been done many effectual ways to advance Cambodia touristry to the tourer. Scope and restriction This research paper will merely concentrate on the positive issues of Cambodia and to acquire a better position of the people ideas and sentiment on Cambodia. I will interview the people in Petaling Jaya country. Give a proposal to hike Cambodia touristry. The aggregation of the informations will hence be restricted to the population of this country merely. Due to the limited focal point group it is assumed that this group will hence stand for the general tourer position on Cambodia. Researcher has hence analytically reviewed the trying the consequences of this research before sum uping it into a more conclusive informations to be published in this research study. Researcher besides disclaims the liability towards the sentiment gathered from the tourer sentiment as the information will be collected indiscriminately. The research is done strictly based on the sentiment and ideas of the information obtained and researcher ain position with no benefits of advancing Cambodia touristry in order to do net income. The information obtained by the research worker is limited by the information obtained from authorities of Cambodia and diaries. 2. Literature reappraisal Why people have negative perceptual experience on Cambodia? Because of its sex touristry and so it gives a negative perceptual experience to the people. There is so much more in Cambodia than merely sex touristry that people did non see it. In this chapter the research worker will uncover the true facts about the beauty of the attractive forces, nutrient and cultural of Cambodia. A farther account sing its positive issues of Cambodia and their attractive forces will be discussed in item. In add-on the research would assist the populace to derive more cognition and deepness apprehension on Cambodia touristry it would assist them to alter their negative perceptual experience on Cambodia. The proposal to hike touristry in Cambodia will be discussed exhaustively in this chapter. Negative issues The political ecology of passage in Cambodia 1989-1999, Peace and forest development For the past few decennaries the woods have played and really of import function in passage from war to peace. The most politicized resource of Reconstruction procedure that has failed. The forest development has a financed of continuance of war between the cold war. Cambodia being the most politicized resource of the procedure that failed either to be green or democratic international community. Cambodia wood is a procedure of transforming nature into money through political. The poorness and environment in Cambodia The environmental can bring down serious harm on hapless people because of their unrecorded goons normally depend on the natural resource and their life conditions. The same minute the poorness constrains may cut down in the hapless and degrade the environment at some certain rates that are non incompatible with long term sustainability. The importance of the poorness and the environment has sparse because the informations are frequently hard to obtain in developing states. The geographic information on the poorness and utilizing the index maps and statistical analysis. The execution of the poorness and environment schemes may be cost effectual for some environmental jobs. Status of the Kampuchean inland gaining control piscaries sector Cambodia has really few income bring forthing possibilities beyond the natural resources for illustration agribusiness, forestry and piscaries and is economically about to the full dependent on them. This research gives a brief overview of the state inland piscaries which support a thriving industry of a great economic and societal importance. It aims to better apprehension of the issues at interest for the continued sustainable use. Gender, sex and HIV Human race have relationship through household, community and other through professional ties with one another. The issues of picks during our phase of our lives which will relates to arouse but without holding parents sexual intercourse at that place will non be us. Deaths are a issues of HIV because of holding sexual intercourse that cause this disease that will do us to end our lives. Identify patients eligible for extremely active antiretroviral therapy among HIV positive grownups in Cambodia The HIV infections in Cambodia determine the sensitiveness ; specify of the organisation standards to get down a antiretroviral intervention based on clinical standards entirely or combination. The patients were wrongly identified to be in a demand of HAART among the most. Global kid sex touristry Pornography and kids from commercial sexual intents and one of the first organisation that seeks to stop the commercial sexual development for kids. Child sex touristry is particularly go oning in Asia and Cambodia is the most popular finish for sex touristry. The bulk of grownup male sex tourers in the signifier of industrial states to go to developed states are lower where the jurisprudence is weak because sex is cheaper and easy available. The bulk of grownup male sex tourers in the signifier of industrial states to go to developed states are lower where the jurisprudence is weak because sex is cheaper and easy available. Child sex touristry patterns can wipe out the unity of economic, societal, and moral state s largest victims are incapacitated kids are involved. The voices of the kids excessively much and their narratives untold and stolen their plainness. Children should hold the consequence of long-run emotional, psychological and physical from sexual development . Positive issues Upland harvest engineerings in Cambodia economic ratings Research and development was being done in the upland territories of Cambodia to develop new farming systems and harvest direction engineerings. Income degrees of husbandmans in this part are comparatively low because of little size and low productiveness of agricultural harvests. This paper is besides intended to promote the acceptance of these engineerings and to look into how the procedure can be facilitated. To place two cardinal engineering characteristics or benefits comparative to be considered successful and tradability. A minimal mark figure of net income on investing in new engineering as work forces look from look intoing how much the addition in comparative profitableness may be adequate to drive successful acceptance of engineering What can be done about the private wellness sector in low income The wellness sector is really big private low-income states. This consists of assorted providers and used by many big service suppliers. There is great concern about the high services rendered to the assorted service suppliers. Private wellness sector can be defined as consisting of all suppliers who are outside the populace sector where they are commercial intent and that intent is to bring around unwellness and prevent disease. They besides include big and little companies and professional groups like physicians, national and international organisations have no authorities. They provide services such as infirmaries, place attention and pregnancy clinics run by physicians, nurses and paramedical staff, Cambodia heightening administration for sustainable development The Government is really of import for the hereafter of Cambodia during the last decennaries for the passage to broad democracy and market economic system. Cambodia giver policy shapers and the populace have recognized that the strengthening of good administration is indispensable to keep economic and societal. The survey includes three sphere construction of authorities is the public sector, civil society and the media. The range of the survey hall has two benefits can besides assist strategic plans at the undertaking degree in the authorities s overall image. Good administration in the development of an of import issue in Cambodia. During the passage to broad democracy and market economic system during the last decennaries. good administration systems need to accommodate to alterations in the function of province and authorities every bit good is to demo a cardinal scheme for keeping societal and economic development in Cambodia Therapy to forestall perpendicular transmittal of HIV The proposal is non recommended to widen ARV intervention plans to the parts where early in the preparation and equipment for HIV proving that will non go on because of the move resources to the less effectual to utilize. The 2nd tally pilot undertakings at selected sites located in the territory are eligible for wellness benefits. When running a pilot undertaking would be utile to roll up the same information as mentioned in the study in order to measure the existent costs and benefits ex station. Current issues on PMTCT Cambodia is confronting Drug is non merely the cost voluntary guidance and testing and demand besides to be provided to the female parent and kid and to be integrated to the overall proviso of primary wellness attention: Harmonizing to the Journal written by the universe wellness organisation that drug is non merely the cost voluntary guidance and testing and demand besides to be provided to the female parent and kid and to be integrated to the overall proviso of primary wellness attention clearly stated that: Introducing a scheme of antiretroviral drugs usage and replacing eating is nevertheless a complex procedure. To take advantage of the intercession, female parents need to cognize that they are HIV-positive, and they must hence hold entree to voluntary guidance and testing. Costss and benefits need to be carefully assessed. Policy shapers need to make up ones mind what sort of plan is executable and most appropriate for their states and whether or non to prove theoretical accounts of the scheme in pilot undertakings before presenting it more widely. Such a plan requires a committedness to guaranting there is an expeditiously working primary wellness attention system with certain cardinal services as a footing for presenting the scheme. Where these conditions do non already be, determinations need to be made about how to beef up the wellness substructure, what clip frame would be realistic, and what else is needed to make the conditions for sage and successful debut of antiretroviral d rugs and replacing eating. The given degree of resources to be committed on the proviso of such a complex services and one may inquire if salvaging the lives of a few kids that might be saved through this procedure when is worth our clip and money to salvage a individual unrecorded. There is so much to be done that they would necessitate besides a little more money and clip available. It is necessary for the ministry of wellness to look into the facet in order to bring forth guidelines that are acceptable and quality oriented. There might be a hazard to see the private sector taking over and supplying a hapless quality or an unneeded antiretroviral intervention. . Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.1 Research Doctrine Here the research worker will explicate the methods of the research undertaken from this survey. This chapter fundamentally will explicate which method to utilize to roll up informations. 3.2 Research methods and research design This research will be done utilizing two important common research attacks. The research worker will be utilizing qualitative methods. Where qualitative method would affect a more subjective a manner of trying by measuring single ideas and sentiments such as interview 3.2 Beginnings of informations This research would obtain the informations from two resources where a secondary research would affect valuable information sing the facts about Cambodia touristry and other related general proficient information. However there might be a restriction to the information gained due to its handiness and relevancy to the current perceptual experience. The primary research informations would roll up straight from the study and interview conducted to specific groups of topic. 3.3 Secondary Research This type of research is fundamentally done before the primary research is conducted. In order to obtain more through information sing this research paper before interview can be conducted. The research worker will be able to fit herself with the proficient cognition that is required of her for this research. Secondary research for this paper would affect a aggregation informations from assorted beginnings of published informations related to touristry in Cambodia. The research worker has used an sum of diary, articles, authorities site, cyberspace and newspaper to organize a secondary information. 3.4 Primary research Primary research is done in order to obtain information from the public straight attributed to the research paper. This research will concentrate more on the perceptual experience of the public towards the negative perceptual experience of Cambodia and ways to rectify the negative issues that the populace have. At a same clip the research worker will besides seek to happen out methods that can be done to advance Cambodia touristry. In this research an interview will be conducted to the populace around Petaling Jaya country. The information collected will stand for the sentiment of the populace in Malaysia by and large. An ordered interview will besides be conducted with one of the touristry sector lector sing touristry in Cambodia The methods of this research would be carry oning an interview to the member of the populace. These research methods would be more of a selective sampling due to it being done on merely specific groups of the people in public. The interview would affect inquiries asked by the researcher one-on-one sing on the negative perceptual experience on Cambodia and besides to ask their sentiment on how to advance Cambodia touristry. The targeted of the populace for this would be college pupils will be selected indiscriminately. A particular interview will be conducted with the Lecturer that is learning touristry in order to ask their cognition and sentiment on Cambodia and besides to ask ways to advance touristry in Cambodia. 3.5 Respondent In respects of acquiring the sentiment of the populace for this research the research worker will carry on a study on specific group around Petaling Jaya country. This will besides stand for a broader position of the populace in Malaysia. This is in order to derive more cognition on their perceptual experience and sentiment on Cambodia itself and at the same clip besides to ask suggestion that can assist to rectify the negative perceptual experience towards Cambodia. 3.6 Data analysis The informations obtained from the interview of the college pupils or the populace on ways to advance Cambodia touristry and their suggestion on how to better it would be selected based on feasibleness. The other interview that is conducted with the lector which teaches touristry topic will be more executable than the pupils. The lector information is more accurate and more appropriate for this research.

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Strategic Management and Leadership (2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

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